๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

Web3

๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ธฐํš 2์ฃผ์ฐจ - 2์ผ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋…ธํŠธ

Layer 2 projects(Scalability)

 

๐Ÿ“Œ Layer2์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ

์ผ๋ฐ˜์„œ๋ฒ„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์™œ? ๊ฒ€์ฆ(๋…ธ๋“œ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—! 

โœ… ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ '์ƒค๋”ฉ'์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ

 

1. Layer2 Summary

2. Representative Projects

Polygon(MATIC)

Arbitrum

Loopring

Immutable X

xDai chain

โœ… ๊ธฐํš์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค! ๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€์ง€? ์–ด๋””์— ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฑด์ง€? 

 

3. What is Layer 2?

- ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋‹ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ์†๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

4. Benefits of Layer 2

- off-chain์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜๋“ค์„ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด1์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ ด
๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด1์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ off-chain์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •? โ–บLayer 2 ๋Š” Layer 1์— ์˜์กด์ , off chain์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์ธํ„ฐ์ฒด์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋„˜์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜จ์ฒด์ธ? ์˜คํ”„ ์ฒด์ธ? ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?

 

๐Ÿ“Œ Rollups

๊ฐ€์Šค๋น„๋ฅผ 100๋ฐฐ์ •๋„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ๋ฌถ์–ด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์— ๋ณด๋ƒ„

- Optimistic rollups โ–บ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›€: ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์œ ํšจํ•œ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฆ„
→Arbitrum One, Optimism, Metis Andromeda, Boba network

- Zero-knowledge rollups  โ–บ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€

→ Polygon zk, Zkspace, etc

 

5. Layer 2 ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์˜ Risks

 

๐Ÿ“Œ Optimistic VS ZK

Optimistic์€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•„์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ

ZK๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Œ

 

Optimistic์€ layer1์ด ๋‹คํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ secure ๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋Œ€์‹  layer1์ด ๋ง๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.(์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ๋น ๋ฆ„)

ZK๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค!

 

 

6. State channels

 ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ETH ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ์‹œ๊ทธ ์ปจํŠธ๋ž™ํŠธ๋กœ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ lockํ•ด๋‘ฌ์•ผํ•จ.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์—์„œ deposit + lock

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป off chain์—์„œ ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์„ onchain์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  unlock

 

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?
โœ… ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ state updates๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

 

7. Payment Channels

โ–บ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋” ์‹ฌํ”Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  state channels 

โ–บL1์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–‘์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ(์ง€๋ถˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ) ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

    (๋””ํŒŒ์ง“์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ด๋™๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์ดˆ๊ณผ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ)

 

๐Ÿ“Œ Smart contract ๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป execution์ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ 'smart'
๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ state๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

โ–บStreaming micro payment ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

โœ…Optimistic ์€ Open participation์ด ๋˜๊ณ  payment chnnels์€ ์•ˆ๋จ

 

 

8. Plasma

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป Scalable Autonomous Smart contracts

โœ…Smart contract and Merkle trees๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

โœ…Unlimited number of child chains๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉโ–บ Tree-like structure โ–บ๋‹จ, Operating ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ

 

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ '์ƒค๋”ฉ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

๋‹จ, ํ ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ์Œ! ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•จ.โ–บCentral component, ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™ํ™”์–ด๋ ค์›€

Central component๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ

 

๐Ÿ‘‰๐ŸปLong wait periods(7-14days): ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ deposit์„ ๊บผ๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฑธ๋ฆผ

์™œ? ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  child chain๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋ก complexity ์ƒ์Šน โ–บ ๋ชจ๋‘ finalized๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•จ...

โ–บSecurity์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€

 

 

๐Ÿ‘‰๐ŸปPlasma๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ํฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์Œˆ

๐Ÿ‘‰๐ŸปOptimistic์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ L1, ZK๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ˜, Plasma๋Š” L2์—์„œ!

๐Ÿ‘‰๐ŸปRoll up์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ L1์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ €์žฅ, Plasma๋Š” ๋ฐ‘์˜ Plasma์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ L1

๐Ÿ‘‰๐ŸปPlasma๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–‘์ด ์ ์–ด์„œ bandwidth๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฅ์ 

 

 

9. Sidechain

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป Separate blockchain; runs in parallel to Ethereum Mainnet and operates independently.

     ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€๋ฉ”์ธ๋„ท๊ณผ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•จ.
๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ!
     ์‹ค์ œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด์„œ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€ ๋…ธ๋“œ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ์ฒด์ธ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‘ .

     โ–บ POA(Proof of authority-private network์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ)์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

     โ–บTwo way bridge ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป based on EVM, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ web3 API(Two way bridgeํฌํ•จ)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์ฒด์ธ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

 

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ ๋งˆ์ด๋‹ -> ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ฅผ ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฝ‘๊ธฐ -> ํƒˆ์ค‘์•™์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€ VS POA๋Š” authority๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ๋“œํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์ด๋ฏธ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๊ณ  EVM compatibility์—ฌ์„œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋ฉด๋จ

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด L2๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜! (์•„๋ž˜ ์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋”๋ฆฌ์›€์— ์ข…์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹˜...)

 

E.g.

POA network 

xDai stable chain

SKALE

Matic

 

10. Validium

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ Layer2์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ ๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ๋ฏธ์นœ ์†๋„ 10K tps์— ์ดˆ์ !

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿป ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์ด ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”œ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.