๐ ๋ฆฌํ Verdict ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ
[SEC ์ฃผ์ฅ]
SEC alleges that in the Programmatic Sales to public buyers (“Programmatic Buyers”) on digital
asset exchanges, “Ripple understood that people were speculating on XRP as an investment,”
“explicitly targeted speculators[,] and made increased speculative volume a ‘target goal.’” SEC
Mem. at 28.
[Court ๊ฒฐ๋ก ]
Whereas the Institutional Buyers reasonably expected that Ripple would use the capital it received from its sales to improve the XRP ecosystem and thereby increase the price of XRP, see Kik, 492 F. Supp. 3d at 180; cf. supra § II.B.1,
๐๐ป ๊ธฐ๊ดํฌ์์๋ค์ ์ด๊ฒ์ด ํฌ์๋ผ๋ ๊ฑธ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ํฌ์ํ๋ค!!
ํ๋งค์๊ฐ ๋ช ๋ฐฑํ๊ฒ ๋ฆฌํํ์ฌ๋ค.+ Investment๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์ฆ๊ถ์ ํํ๋ก ์ดํด๋๊ณ ํ๋งค๋์๋ค.
[Court] ( page 23 )
Programmatic Buyers could not reasonably expect the same. Indeed, Ripple’s Programmatic Sales were blind bid/ask transactions, and Programmatic Buyers could not have known if their payments of money went to Ripple, or any other seller of XRP. SEC 56.1 Resp. ¶ 96; Defs. 56.1 Resp. ¶¶ 652–54.
Since 2017, Ripple’s Programmatic Sales represented less than 1% of the global XRP trading volume. SEC 56.1 Resp. ¶¶ 77, 82.
Therefore, the vast majority of individuals who purchased XRP from digital asset exchanges did not invest their money in Ripple at all. An Institutional Buyer knowingly purchased XRP
directly from Ripple pursuant to a contract, but the economic reality is that a Programmatic
Buyer stood in the same shoes as a secondary market purchaser who did not know to whom or
what it was paying its money.
๐๐ป ๊ฐ์ธ๋ค์ ๋ฆฌํ๋ฅผ ํฌ์์๋จ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋งคํ๋ค๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ์ด๋ ต๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ ๋์ด ๋ฆฌํ์ ๊ฐ๋์ง ๋ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ๋ก ๊ฐ๋์ง๋ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
๋ธ๋ผ์ธ๋ ๐๐ป ํ๋งค์์ ๊ตฌ๋งค์๊ฐ ์๋ก ๋๊ตฌ์ธ์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค.
Secondary๋ง์ผ์์ ์ ํต์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋๊ณ ์๋ ํ ํฐ์ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ค์ด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ง์ ๋ฆฌํ์ ํฌ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ณผ์์๋ค.
Investment๊ณ์ฝ์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ผ๋ก ํ๋งคํ๋๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ 2์ฐจ๋ง์ผ์์ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ก ์ดํดํจ.
[SEC] ( page 23 )
SEC to argue that Ripple “explicitly targeted speculators” or that “Ripple understood that people were speculating on XRP as an investment,” SEC Mem. at 28,
[Court]
a speculative motive “on the part of the purchaser or seller does not evidence the existence of an ‘investment contract’ within the meaning of the [Securities Act],” Sinva, Inc. v. Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 253 F. Supp. 359, 367 (S.D.N.Y. 1966).
“[A]nyone who buys or sells[, for example,] a horse or an automobile hopes to realize a
profitable ‘investment.’ But the expected return is not contingent upon the continuing efforts of
another.”
SEC์ฃผ์ฅ: ๋น์ฐํ ์ด๊ฒ์ด ํฌ์๊ณ์ฝ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ฑธ ์๊ณ ์์๋ค.
๋ฒ์: ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋ํ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค.
→ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์์ ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ๋๋ ๋ชจ๊ณ์ฝ/๋ถ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋ค ๊ฐ์
ํ ๋ ๋ฐ์์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ฒด๊ฒฐ=๊ณ์ฝ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ํธํํ์ ๋ํด์๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ณ์ฝ์ด ๋์ด ์์ง๊ฐ ์๋ค.
[[Court] page 24
It may certainly be the case that many Programmatic Buyers purchased XRP with an expectation of profit, but they did not derive that expectation from Ripple’s efforts (as opposed to other factors, such as general cryptocurrency market trends)—particularly because none of the Programmatic Buyers were aware that they were buying XRP from Ripple.
Ripple did not make any promises or offers because Ripple did not know who was buying the XRP, and the purchasers did not know who was selling it.
In fact, many Programmatic Buyers were entirely unaware of Ripple’s existence.
๐๐ป ์๋น์๋ค์ 2์ฐจ๋ง์ผ์์ ๋ฆฌํํ์ฌ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ฆฌํ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ฆฌํ๋ ๋๊ฐ ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ฌ๋์ง ์ ์ ์๋ค.
๋ฆฌํ์ ๊ตฌ๋งค์๋ค์๊ฒ ์ด๋ค ์ฝ์์ด๋ offer๋ฅผ ํ์ง ์์์. ์ง์ ํ๋งคํ ๊ฒ ์๋๊ณ ์ค๊ฐ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์์ด์ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ๋งคํ์์ง๋
๊ตฌ๋งค์๋ ๋๊ตฌํํ ์ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ๋์ง ์ ์ ์๋ค.
โบ ๊ตฌ๋งค์ ์ ์ฅ์์๋ ๋๊ตฌํํ ์ฌ๋๊ฒ ์ค์ํ๊ฒ์๋๋ผ ๋ญ๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋์ง๊ฐ ์ค์ํ์ง ์๋?
โบ Promises/offer์ด ์๋ค? → ํ๋ก์ ํธ์์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ whitepaper, roadmap ๋ฑ์ด ์๋ค.
๐๐ป ๊ทธ์ ์ฆ๊ถ๋ฒ์ ํด์๋๋ก ๋ฒ์ ํด์ํ ๋ฏ. Investment contract๊ฐ ์๋๋ ์๋๋์๋ง ์ง์คํด์ ํ๊ฒฐํจ.
[Court] page 25
There is no evidence that a reasonable Programmatic Buyer, who was generally less sophisticated as an investor, shared similar “understandings and expectations” and could parse through the multiple documents and statements that the SEC highlights, which include statements (sometimes inconsistent) across many social media platforms and news sites from a variety of Ripple speakers (with different levels of authority) over an extended eight-year period.
Therefore, having considered the economic reality and totality of circumstances, the
Court concludes that Ripple’s Programmatic Sales of XRP did not constitute the offer and sale of investment contracts.
๐๐ปinstitution๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋ก๋งคํฑ ๋ฐ์ด์ด๋ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ทธ์ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค.
โบ๊ฒฐ๋ก , ํฌ์๊ณ์ฝ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ institution๊ณผ secondary๋ง์ผ์์ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค.
โบ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ํด๋น๋๋ '์ฆ๊ฑฐ'๋ฅผ ์๊ตฌ!
โ Keyword: Investment contract ์ ์ฌ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ถ์ด ํ๊ฒฐ๋จ.
3. Other Distributions . 609M$ (page 26)
[ SEC ์ฃผ์ฅ]
These Other Distributions include distributions to employees as compensation and to third parties as part of Ripple’s Xpring initiative to develop new applications for XRP and the XRP Ledger. SEC Mem. at 31–32. The SEC alleges that “Ripple funded its projects by transferring XRP to third parties and then having them sell the XRP into public markets.” Id. at 31.
[ Court ]
the record shows that recipients of the Other Distributions did not pay money or “some tangible and definable consideration” to Ripple. To the contrary, Ripple paid XRP to these employees and companies. And, as a factual matter, there is no evidence that “Ripple funded its projects by transferring XRP to third parties and then having them sell the XRP,” SEC Mem. at 31, because Ripple never received the payments from these XRP distributions.
2๋ฐฑ๋ง๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋จ 3๋ช ์๊ฒ ๋ถ๋ฐฐ๋์ด ์์. → ์ค์์ง๊ถํ ๋์ด ์์ง ์๋
609M๊ฐ๋ฅผ Other distribution์๊ฒ ๊ธฐ์ฌ์๋ค์๊ฒ ๋๋ ์ค ์ํ๋ผ๊ณ ํจ.
3. Other Distributions . 609M$ (page 26)
[ SEC ์ฃผ์ฅ]
the SEC pivots and argues instead that the Other Distributions were an indirect public offering because “the parties that received XRP from Ripple, such as an ‘[Xpring] recipient,’ could ‘transfer their XRP (in exchange for units of another currency, goods,or services) to another holder.’”But the SEC does not elsewhere allege that the recipients of these Other Distributions, like Ripple employees and Xpring third-party companies, were Ripple’s underwriters.
because Ripple never received the payments from these XRP distributions.
( Howey 1 prong )
In any event, the SEC does not develop the argument that these secondary market sales were offers or sales of investment contracts,
๐๐ป ์ด์ฐจ ๋ง์ผ๊ฑฐ๋๋ ํ๋งค๋ ํฌ์๊ณ์ฝ์ด ์์ด์ ์ด๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ฆ๊ถ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๊ฒฐํ์ง ์์๋ค.
โ investment contract์ ํํ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ถ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง๋ค.
โ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์๋ secondary market์ OKํ์ผ๋ฏ๋ก ํน์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ Primary sale๋ง ํ๋ฉด ๋์ง ์์๊น?
โ ๋ฐํ์์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ํ๋ฉด ์ด๋จ๊น? Primary market์ ์์ ๋ฉด?
โ ๋นํธ์ฝ์ธ์ ๋ฐํ์ด ์๋๋ผ ์ฑ๊ตด์ ํตํด์ ์ป์ด์ก๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฆ๊ถ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ์ง ์๋๋ค.
โบ ๋ฐํํ์ง ์๊ณ , ์ฑ๊ตดํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํํ๋๋ก ํ๋ค.
โบ ์ธ์ปจ๋๋ฆฌ ๋ง์ผ์ OK. ๋ฐํ์ ๊ธ์งํ๋ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ง์.
โบ Investment contract์ ์์ฑ์ํค๋ฉด ์๋๋ค.
๐ ์๋น์ ๋ณดํธ๋ฅผ ํด์ผํ๋ค, ๋ฌ๊ทธํ์ ๋ฐฉ์งํด์ผ ํ๋ค๋ฉด? ์ด๋ค ์์ด๋์ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๊น?
โบํฌ๋ฆฝํ ๋ ํ๋ฒ์ ๋์ด ๋ค ๋ค์ด์จ๋ค.
โบํต์ ๊ถ์ด ํ๋ฒ์ ๋ค ๋์ด๊ฐ๋ฒ๋ฆฐ๋ค.
โบํต์ ๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค. โบ๋จนํ! ๋ฌ๊ทธํ์ด ์๊น.
๐๐ป ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๋ก์ ํธ์ ์ฌ๋จ์ด ๋์ ๋ฐ๋๋ค๋ฉด ์ฌ๋จ์ด ๋ฐ๋ ์๋ ์ 2๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด์
ํ๋๋ ๋ชจ์๋ (๋์ด ๋ค ๋ค์ด์ค๋ ๊ณณ) → ์์๋ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง ๋์ ๋ด๋ฆด ์ ์๊ณ ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค ํ ํฐ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅ
DAO๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด์ voting์ ํ๊ฒ ํจ.→ ์์๋ ๋ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๋๋ง๋ค ํ๋ฝ๋ฐ๊ณ ์ฌ์ฉ
๋ฆฌ์คํ ์ค์ต(1)
โบ ๋ฉ์ธ๋ท ์ปจํ: ๋ฐฑ์, ๋ฐฑ์ summary๊ฐ ์์ด์ผํจ. →3-5ํ์ด์ง๋ก ์์ฝํด์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฒ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ณต
โบ ๋ฐํ? : ๋ฐํ์ ํ์ง ์๊ณ ๋
์ ๋๋๋ ๋ฌผ๋์ ํ๋ณดํ๊ณ
๊ทธ๊ฒ ๋ค์์ ์ฌ๋์ผ๋ก ํ์ค์ ์ํ๋ก ๋ฐฐํฌ๋๋๋ก
์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ฑ๊ตด์๋ค์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ก๊ฒจ ์ฌ๊ฒ์ธ๊ฐ..!
โบ ์ฌ๋จ์ค๋ฆฝ: ๋ฐํ์ ์ํ๋ฉด ์ฌ๋จ์ ์ค๋ฆฝํ์ง ์์๋ ๋จ.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ฌ๋จ์ด ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ค์ง์ ์ธ ์ผ์ ์งํ์ด ์ด๋ ค์. ์ค์ฒด๊ฐ ์๋๊ฒ ์ข๋ค.
โบ ๋ฐ์นํจ๋
-์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ก์ ํธ์ ํน์ง ์ ์
-๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ํฉํ ๋ฉ์ธ๋ท์?
-๋ฐฑ์ ์ ๋ฆฌ
-๋ฉ์ธ๋ท ์ปจํ
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